Some of the most well-known psychologists in history have played a key role in shaping our understanding of the human mind and behavior. Many of them were also philosophers, educators, and therapists, contributing to multiple areas of study. Some introduced theories that are considered controversial, but their ideas have had a lasting influence on the…
Intrinsic motivation involves a driving force behind behavior that emerges from within rather than as a result of external reward. In other words, it is a type of motivation that involves doing things because you find them naturally satisfying or doing things for their own sake because you find them enjoyable. Intrinsic motivation is usually contrasted…
Structuralism, an early school of thought in psychology, aimed to decompose the human mind into its most basic components. By analyzing individual elements of consciousness, it sought to understand the structure of mental processes. Key Takeaways What Is Structuralism in Psychology? Structuralism is an early school of psychology founded by Wilhelm Wundt and popularized by…
Why do some people choose to give up their time, money, or even safety to help other people? According to the U.S. Department of Labor, 30% of adults in the United States spend some time volunteering to help others each year. According to many psychologists, it is compassion that drives people to reach out and…
A mindset is a set of beliefs about yourself that shape how you interpret and interact with the world around you. These belief systems not only impact your behavior but also influence your ability to reach your goals. These results support the previous findings of psychologist Carol Dweck. Dweck’s work suggests that praising children for…
Child development theories are focused on understanding and explaining how kids change throughout childhood. Some of these theories focus on the developmental milestones, or specific achievements children reach by a certain age. Others focus on aspects of child development, such as personality, cognition, and moral growth. Psychologists and development researchers have proposed several theories to…
Self-actualization involves reaching your full potential as an individual. Learn more about how you can become a more self-actualized person.
Cognitive psychology reveals the inner workings of the mind, from how we process information to how we make decisions. Discover the science behind our mental processes.
Random assignment means that every participant has the same chance of being chosen for the experimental or control group. It involves using procedures that rely on chance to assign participants to groups. Doing this means that every participant in a study has an equal opportunity to be assigned to any group. For example, in a…
All parents have their own approach to child-rearing, but psychologists have also identified distinctive parenting styles that can impact child development. Today, psychologists suggest that there are four major parenting styles: As you might imagine, these different parenting styles are marked by distinctive behavior and communication patterns. These parenting styles can play an important role…
In psychology, stimulus generalization refers to the tendency for a conditioned response to be elicited by stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus. This phenomenon occurs when an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar but not identical to the stimulus that was originally conditioned. Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds to a…
Acquisition in classical conditioning is the phase where a neutral stimulus starts triggering a response through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, marking the beginning of new learning. Key Takeaways What Is Acquisition in Classical Conditioning? Acquisition is the process in classical conditioning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to trigger…
Styles of leadership involves how a person governs, directs, and motivates followers. Researchers have proposed several different types of leadership styles over the last 50 or so years. Leaders often utilize such styles in business, politics, technology, and other major fields. Psychologists have found that leadership styles can have a meaningful impact on how well…
While there have been many different theories of personality, many psychologists today believe that personality is made of five broad dimensions, a notion often referred to as the big five theory of personality or the five-factor model. The Big 5 personality traits the theory describes are: The Big Five Personality Traits We mentioned these big…
There are many important events that have had a powerful influence on the history of psychology. The following are just a few important dates in psychology that mark significant events and milestones. On February 24, 1913, John B. Watson delivered his lecture, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, at a meeting of the American Psychological…
In psychology, a single-blind study is a type of experiment or clinical trial in which the experimenters are aware of which subjects are receiving the treatment or independent variable, but the participants of the study are not. A study in which both the experimenters and participants are unaware of who is receiving the independent variable and…
Self-actualized people embrace growth and authenticity, but just as telling are the habits they avoid. Discover key characteristics of self-actualized people.
The humanistic theory of psychology, also known as humanism or the humanist perspective, is a movement that stresses the inherent goodness in people. Rather than focusing on what’s wrong with people, the humanistic theory of psychology takes a more holistic approach, looking at the individual as a whole and stressing the desire for self-actualization. Origins…
Kitty Genovese was a woman murdered outside her Queens, New York apartment in 1964. False reports initially suggested that neighbors had witnessed the crime yet failed to report what they saw. The case captured the public’s attention and the interest of psychology researchers, who coined the term “bystander effect” to explain why people are less…
From basic survival to self-actualization, Maslow’s hierarchy reveals how our deepest needs shape the way we live, work, and pursue happiness.
